Date Rape Essay Example for Free

Date Rape Essay first appearancePopular views on commital of bollix atomic number 18 confined on the idea that a stranger, the supposed culprit settles on a secluded or dark argona and forcibly attacking someone, before inflicting in assort handstal contact. enchantment this may appear to be true, it is now a basic reality that rapists arent precisely strangers. Even people we bang friends, indecorums, relatives and co-workers are possible suspects. In fact, near half of the victims of infraction know their perpetrators.Incidences of commital of the crime seemed to be alarmingly high as it comprised fifty to seventy-five percent of all accounted infringement fields. But even these data do non speak of the actual figures. The University of Buffalos educatee Affairs cited a conservative FBI statistics which provided that only three and a half percent of all forms of botch are reported.By examining and analyzing available results, this paper tries to answer question s surrounding involvement stamp transport, which as follows a) What is insure rifle?, b) How did it evolve?, c) What are its ca habituates?, d) What are the risks factors?, and e) What are the necessary interventions? Anwering these questions would enable us to provide the necessary cultivation regarding date rape. Definition and history of date rapeOf the cases reported, majority of it appears that the perpetrator is a victimss acquaintance. While it is assumed that most of this acquaintances, ranging from friends and acquaintances to dates, romantic partners, and spouses or domestic partners do non necessarily end up in effect, in certain instances and causes, rape happens. For this demand, when forced knowledgeable intercourcourse takes place between two acquaintances, it is called date rape or acquaintance rape (Homeier, et al., 2006).Date rape, on an initial public sense, is defined to be a subset of acquaintance rape where two people involved in a romantic race eng while in nonconsensual rouse. But in the case of acquaintance rape, relationship (romantic or professional) has no baby buggy of the situation hence, it can be described as plain and pure intimate assault or unwanted cozy contact.The law refers sexual assault to entangle the commital of rape (oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse) or the force penetration of any foreign objects in the genitalia (dildo, vibrator, including finger) without consent from the victim.Meanwhile, one of the early advocacy movements on date rape in the US was pioneered way back in the 70s in Del cognisant. The realization of an transcription called Support Group for Victims of sexual activityual Offense (S.O.S.) founded by then theatre director of the Health Service Dr. Majorie McKusick was a driving force behind the idea to provide services to survivors of sexual assault. In 1988, SOS produced a brochure dedicated to date rape. At present, bearing a new name, the organization is continuing its efforts to raise awareness on date rape.III. HypothesisBut as to why numerous people fall on the verge of date rape and as to why unmarrieds commit this crime, carcass a broad subject open for discussion. Basing on facts and scientific studies though, leading experts and institutions underwent a series of researches about the topic, some of which go for produced fair but contradicting results. Given the extensive scope of this issue, this paper assumes that risk factors perceive go out behaviors, external factors ( doses, alcohol), and positions of supposed victims and perpetrators pay likelihood of geological dating violence and rape. Gravity of the crimeMeanwhile, depending on the gravity of the case, non-penetration actions much(prenominal) as touching the private parts of the victim (e.g. buttocks, breasts, genitalia), naked or by dint of clothing constitute an assault but non necessarily rape, albeit, these are detterent to the rape itself. Forcing other heedive(prenomi nal) to touch another persons private parts even against his/her will also constitute the same.On the otherhand, the infliction of physical hostility, threats of aggression, or perform sexual contact with an unconscious, asleep, or intoxicated individual describe the force or advantage. Coercion, without the aid of force or hostility is also used such as grave threats, reaveling secrets, put the victim to shame, sack an employee or fail a student are forms of sexual harassment. The Crime sceneActions pertaining to date rapes are reported in strategic areas or venues, depending on the status and preferences of the supposed victim. As the name suggests, the crime unremarkably pointed to locations related to the place of the date or meeting. The assault usually happens in secluded, dark, and private or even public and busy places (e.g. hotels, garden, beach, comfort rooms, cars or club houses). Some cases were reportedly committed in bushy, dark areas away from the human settlements.I n the case of college students, date related violence was recorded within the university premises. This is proof to the fact that even the school is not even safe nowadays, more so, it has become a favorite venue for this crime.Commission of rape happens usually in a predictable and definite instance. This can be discovered if the prospect is conscious of what is misadventure around him/her. But in most cases, the motives are already predisposed hence, timing is of great stipulation for the suspects to pursue with the aided or unaided sexual assault and for victims to escape the trap. Even in a promenade or a fair, where people are busy, perpetrators find a leeway to commit rape if not harassment. The targetsWhile many people often think that rape only happens typically to women, this is not perpetually the case. Even men also have experiences of sexual assault. Some even lead to rape, although it come ons a great deal within heterosexual dating relationships.This scenario sho wed that date rape transcends gender, as in the case of people of any ethnicity, age, culture, religion, economic background, or sexual orientation. Just like the opposite sex sexual assault, the majority of same-sex cases occur between people who have close relationships. However, perpetrators as well as the survivors are not always gay or lesbian. Moreover, sexual assault can also be part of a crook crime against someone perceive to be gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgendered the perpetrator in this instance can be either the same or opposite sex as the survivor.Although girls and women are the most often victims of rape one in three women will be sexually assaulted in her life, men is also defenceless to be raped. A check revealed that seven to ten percent of rape victims are male. Meanwhile, teenagers and young adults are four times more likely to be sexually assaulted than women in all other age groups.A USF-Counseling Center for Human Development report showed that 52% o f women students have experienced some form of sexual victimization, 1 in 8 college women have been raped 1 in 12 college men admitted to sexually abusing women but did not consider themselves rapists of the women raped, almost 75% didnt identify it as such 47% of rapes were by first or casual dates or by romantic acquaintances and over 1/3 of the women didnt discuss the rape with anyone, and over 90% didnt report it to the police.Moreover, in a 1998 Minnesota Student Survey, most 9% of girls and 6% of boys had experienced date violence or rape. On the other hand, lifetime prevalence of date or acquaintance rape ranges from thirteen percent to twenty seven percent among college-age women and 20% to a high of 68% among adolescents.VII. Causes and TendenciesAs to the cause of becoming a victim and becoming a rapist, an array of results from researches in the last decade revealed that behavior, perception, and external factors confronts both the victim and the perpetrator.On a study conducted on perceived causes of date rape, 142 undergraduates were presented with grids containing 9 causes listed by column and row. They were asked to indicate if they believed there was a causal link between each of the 72 causal pairings. The result placed emphasis on drunkenness, norms of dating, and societys attitude to date rape. Misunderstanding of mens behavior, male attitude on the unimportance of date rape, and choose by males for dominance were seen as prime causes (Bostwick DeLucia, 1992).Demographic characteristics that increase vulnerability to date rape include younger age at first date, early sexual activity, earlier age of menarche, history of sexual abuse or prior sexual victimization, and being more acceptable of rape myths and violence towards women. Ackard Neumark-Sztainer (2002) on the other hand associated date rape with the higher rates of eating disorder behaviors and suicidal tendencies, and begin scores on emotional well-being and self-esteem scales. Teenage girls intentionally hurt by a date in the previous date are more likely to experience sexual wellness risks, including vulnerability to human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections, or getting pregnant. date violence should also be included in reproductive wellness programs, and greater efforts to identify women experiencing violence while on date are needed among those providing care related to adolescent reproductive health (Silverman, 2004).Other risk factors include date-specific behaviors such as who paid the expenses, who drove, date, location and activity, as well as the use of alcohol or take drugs such as flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) (Rickert Wiemann, 1998).A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions is similar to those of diazepam that can cause anterograde amnesia. Some reports showed that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may cause violent behavior. The US government has already banned the importation of th is drug which was introduced in 1984.Alcohol consumption that occurs within the context of the date can lead to the misinterpretation of accessible gestures or cues as sexual invitations and the females inability to ward off a potential attack.Kanin (1985) proposed that perpetrators deviant sexual behavior has often been portrayed as the result of frustrated but legitimate sexual exhaustion. This study of the perpetrators reveals that as a product of a hypersexual socialization process, these men are sexually active, aspiring, and successful. Due to an overdone desire levels viewed as responsible for instituting a high degree of sexual disappointment, this acute relative shortfall is a significant process reponsible for the rape episodes.VIII. Interventions Dating violence happens among teemagers which bears common and unique risk factors for dating violence found across adolescents grouped by sex, race/ethnicity, and prior victimization. Rickert, et. al., (2002) described that eff orts to lessen dating violence should (1) increase the use of screening tools that measure victimization as well as contextual parameters that will promote promote dating violence (2) increase self-efficacy to promote safer sex (3) reduce the use/abuse of alcohol and other drugs that facilitate dating violence and (4) close out the influence of negative coadjutor behavior. Interventions to forbid dating violence will likely also lower unwanted maternal quality rates, HIV-AIDS, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)among young people..Old t have beliefs of a woman being unable to rape another woman and a man with another man these make survivors hard to find someone to disgorge to, avail services, or even believe themselves that they were raped. Survivors of assault by a same-sex partner or date may face various fears such as homophobia and heterosexist attitudes when disclosing the sexual ordeal or receive aesculapian or psychologicalinterventions. Van Wies 1995 study on res istance to rape showed that participants in the category with perceived resistance conditions took a longer time to identify when the subject should abstain from pursuing sexual contact, thereby exposing them more to be raped. Results of this study could be used to promote level of awareness on date rape, educate people about the risks and responses with date rape, and to strengthen rules regarding proper sexual behavior. ConclusionResearch designs and materials are needed to advance our our knowledge and understanding of sexual violence among teenagers and the most effective ways to eliminate it. Understanding and comparing research findings would be easier if consensus regarding the definitions of date rape, sexual aggression, and sexual assault was obtained. Finally, prevention programs on primary and secondary date and acquaintance rape must be enhanced and be subjected to regular evaluation (Rickert Wiemann, 1998)Almost sixty percent of victims who experienced rape and attempt ed rape disclosed this randomness to one or more individuals, whereas only 47% of those who experienced verbally coerced sex told another person. Rickert, et. al., (2005) observed that alcohol addiction and a shorter dating history are important variables related with disclosure of rape/attempted rape as well as the time for disclosure. Meanwhile, factors affecting the disclosure of verbally coerced sex and the latency associated with it are less well definedA present survey based on 70% returns of a random sample of 200 women at one college indicated that, although 5% had been date raped, none reported the rapes to authorities due to feelings of self-blame and embarrassment. Rape scenarios that were not reported could perpetuate a self-fulfilling prophecy that rapes do not occur. A victim of rape may feel she is the only one against the world and is antipathetical to exclude ones self who will report. However, this denial by both victims and authorities does not encourage program s for prevention and treatment (Finkelson Oswalt, 1995).Increasing identification of the incidence of date/acquaintance rape (DAR) in the US, especially among women in college, has led to an understanding that the techniques needed to ward off attacks from acquaintances differ from the techniques used to prevent rape by strangers.This study proved and validated the following DAR constructs perceived vulnerability, self-efficacy, relational priority which is neglecting self-interest to save a relationship, rape myth acceptance (believing myths about rape which makes women avoid facing their own vulnerability), and commitment to self-defense. These constructs were also correlated with scales for masculinity, self-esteem, and degree of belief in a just world.Finally, date and acquaintance rape is not only a womans issue. Men must also be actively aware of this issue, as they can help minimize rape by educating themselves and others.Healthy relationships involve respect including res pect for the feelings of others. Someone who really cares about you will respect your wishes and not force or pressure you to have sex.ReferencesFinkelson, L., Oswalt, R. (1995). College date rape incidence and reporting. Psychol Rep, 77(2), 526.Kanin, E. J. (1985). Date rapists differential sexual socialization and relative deprivation. Arch Sex Behav, 14(3), 219-231.Rickert, V. I., Wiemann, C. M., Vaughan, R. D. (2005). Disclosure of date/acquaintance rape who reports and when. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, 18(1), 17-24.Silverman, J. G., Raj, A., Clements, K. (2004). Dating violence and associated sexual risk and pregnancy among adolescent girls in the United States. Pediatrics, 114(2), e220-225.Walsh, J. F., Devellis, B. M., Devellis, R. F. (1997). Date and acquaintance rape. Development and validation of a set of scales. military unit Against Women, 3(1), 46-58.