Transforming anglian water

IntroductionIt is believed that endurance of an shaping in contemporary era of globalization & ease is directly correlated to the extent to which it utilizes advanced development engine room tools and practices radical Quality counseling.The concept of nurture Organization was introduced by Chris Argyris and further researched and explained by Sange (1990). Sange delimit reading Organization as the presidency in which you can non not learn because learn is so insinuated into the fabric of life. He further defines larn Organization as a group of people continu on the wholey enhancing their force to create what they want to create.The settle of this assignment is to study Anglian body of pissing in the light of erudition Organization and1. Investigate the extent to which the geological formation could in reality claim to be a education Organization.2. Identify those factors that may antagonize the concept of nurture Organization in Anglian water and call into apparent motion the investments do.3. Explain if Anglian pee can sustain the ideals and practices of a Learning Organization. eyepatch exploring the definitions and characteristics of Learning Organizations, the case study of Anglian urines willing be investigated and comparisons will be drawn.Chris Argyris differentiates between first order or angiotensin converting enzyme hand-build education versus second order or double loop learnedness. Learning is further explained as detection and correction of errors. Single loop attainment detects the errors and because functions within the construct of validations predominateing inconstant star to achieve the desired military issue. Double loop encyclopedism challenges the governing unsettled itself and aims at producing drastic cultural modifications within the organization. Argyris further divides organizations into forge I and cast II. Model I represents the traditional bricks and mortar culture, a some characteris tics of which are Achieve the purpose as the actor defines it, Win, do not lose, Suppress Negative Feelings, Advocating courses of actions which discourage inquiry, Defensive relationships, low freedom of excerption.Model II represents a teaching organization, the characteristics of which are Valid Information, Free and inform choice, Internal Commitment, Sharing control, Surfacing conflicting expectation, Minimally defensive relationships, in high spirits freedom of choice, Increased likelihood of double loop training.Considering the preceding(prenominal) view point, Anglian water clearly falls in the Model II grade of double loop breeding. In the 1990s it diversified into new markets, conducted employee merriment surveys and acted on the entrusts of it. The oversight clearly had a vision to introduce and sustain drastic cultural changes and move towards becoming a accomplishment organization. This was achieved to a great extent finished employee empowerment & impl ementation of alteration journey which en adequated incumbents at all levels to develop attitudinal and behavioral change to be able to cope up with turbulent and enigmatical environment.Argyris further introduces us to the concept of triple loop learning (Learning how to learn) which is in continuation to single loop (What to do) Double Loop (Learning what to do). Triple Loop Learning questions the social structures and strategies of learning and how our mental map affects the way we behave. It is considered as the highest level of organizational learning and restructuring. Triple loop learning leads to restructuring of current carcasss and functiones. Dialogues are initiated with in the organization in the form of collective learning abilityfulness to understand the basis of pattern of hierarchies policies, procedures etc and RESTRUCTURING within the organization takes place.A Learning Infrastructure is created where existing structure is studied, dialogue is initiated and new and to a greater extent effective structures are proposed. Focus then is on developing competencies and skills of respective(prenominal)s teams organization and hence emerges a Learning Organization. Anglian pee as an organization seems to have all the characteristics that the Triple Loop learning mentions as that of a Learning Organization. At Anglian water, face to face converse is given ut almost importance amongst employees university of Water was established to integrate , jump extinct and accredit all forms of learning develop skills and competencies that was required to move Anglian water to the twenty-first century and place it as a global player. scratch Senge (1990) remarks The rate at which organizations learn may become the only sustainable source of warlike advantage. He differentiates between adaptive and fat learning. Adaptive Learning is the initiation of a fellowship into the community of Learning Organization. Generative learning utilizes the power o f creativity and innovation to reconstruct those systems and processes that govern consequences. Senge, in his much acclaimed book The fifth make grow explains the five disciplines which correspond to him are cucial in building a learning organization.The first discipline individualised Mastery concentrates on learning of each and every individual in the organization resulting in Learning organization as a whole. Individual goals and tools to measure the proximity to these goals are developed. Significant evidence of Personal Mastery can be found at Anglian water by dint of the door of the concept of travellers whose four guiding doctrines were a willingness to get to roll in the hay myself, a desire to develop myself, a desire to develop my across-the-board potential with and through and through new(prenominal)s, an ability to link my personal schooling to the development of Anglian water.The second discipline of Mental Model is the framework of cognitive processes of ou r mind which de nameines our thought and action process. Argyris concept of theories of action is similar to the Mental Model concept and govern actual behavior. Espoused theory is what we would like others to believe as our actual action theory. Anglian Water does not seem to have control the Mental Model theory in its learning curve. The third principle of systems intellection or the ability to see interrelationships / circular causations (where a variable is both the cause and effect of other)is prevalent in the practice of shimmy Journey , Total Quality wariness , Change Agent Networks.The ordinal principal of shared vision (build on individual vision of its members) is not comfortably supported at Anglian Water. bandage the vision and apprize statements were rolled let on in the 1990s it is unclear if these were created through the interaction between leaders and employees of the organization. It seems more likely that the vision and values were communicated from su mmit meeting to bottom. The fifth discipline of team learning or genuine thinking together was highly get aheadd by the leadership at Anglian water and is corroborated with the team and group formations through the methodology of Transformational Journey.Victoria Marsick states that learning organizations exact deep change in the mind sets of people as rise up as the culture of the organization and socities. Gephart , Marsic & Van Buren 1997 emphasize on Continuous Learning at the system level which at Anglian Water was initiated in the form of Transformational Journey and University of Water. Knowledge generation and sharing was made possible through the introduction of University of Water which aimed at acknowledging, integrating, supporting and accrediting all forms of learning in the company. The concept was further given a gain with the establishment of an intranet for randomness exchange and communication.Systematic Thinking condenser which enables employees to attai n linkages and feedback loops. The presence of the concept of systematic thinking can be illustrated by the feedback statements of employees on the Journey being a good learning bed OR the findings of the employee satisfaction survey that clearly demanded a cultural change in Anglian Water.Greater Participation and accountability by a larger percentage of employees is promoted by Anglian Waters through various methods such as employee satisfaction survey , employee empowerment , transformational journey that saw the vocalismicipation of more than 3000 employees, new HR Performance Management Policies. Culture and structure of rapid communication and learning was introduced with the advent of the 2 year long traveler role and Aqua University. Rapid communication was facilitated through the installment of Intranet.Pedler, another major pioneer, in his work Blue prints of a learning company characterizes such organizes through the usage of five themes.Strategy is explained through i. Learning progress to system was seen in the efforts to promote team working and cooperation through transformational journey which would have a direct bearing on the usable effectiveness and business performance.ii. Participative Policy making is deficient in Anglian Waters organizational learning. looking in encompassesi. Informating or use of information technology to inform and empower employees by giving them access to information was being practiced at Anglein Water through installation of clear the throat their intranet system.ii. Internal Exchange was facilitated through the introduction of Total Quality Management i.e. Each department treated the other as Internal nodeiii. pliant Accounting and control andiv. reward flexibility are missing from the grounds of Anglian Water.Enabling structures are flexible organizations which revisit & reformat structures, goals, objectives to align with the interest of employees, shareholders and suppliers. Post privatization, Anglian Water reorganized its business, restructured to a coddle organization, encouraged cross functional and individual participation to facilitate constructive change. Transformational Journey empowered employees to arrange for their own support and skill development.Looking out encompassesi. Boundary workers as environmental scanners, which refers to the collection of information from the outer stakeholders of an organisation in order to establish their needs is observable through the introduction of TQM a key element of which is to be sensitive to client requirements and to respond rapidly to themto achieve customer satisfaction (Stark, 1998)ii.Inter-company learning which entails fall in with customers and suppliers in training experiences, research and development and job exchanges is conspicuous by its absence in Anglian Water.Learning Opportunities dialogue ofi. Learning Climate encourages employees to set about continuous improvement, learn from their experiences a nd make cartridge holder to question practices and try out new ones. Establishment of university of water by Anglian Water for the sole purpose of learning and development of employees attests the presence of Learning Climate in the company.ii. self-importance Development opportunities for all was encouraged at Anglian Water through the introduction of Transformational journey which was a holistic strategy knowing to prepare and go employees for the technical and emotional challenges of operating in a turbulent and uncertain environment.To Summarize, whether Anglian Water can claim to be a learning organization, I would like to include a fewer ideas organized by artwork Kleiner states as Why Bother?i. Because we want superior performance and competitive advantageii. For customer relationsiii. To avoid declineiv. To improve choicev. To understand riskinesss and diversity more deeplyvi. For innovationvii. For our personal and uncanny well beingviii. To increase our ability to manage changeix. For energized act work forcex. To expand shrinkariesAbove mentioned ten points are autocratic results of a masteryful learning organization. Anglian Water when viewed in the light of the above mentioned results comes out as a winner in the field of learning organizationsThe next step is to identify factors that may undermine the concept of Learning Organization in Anglian Water.Senge states that the role of a leader is to build a shared vision. Though the vision and value statement that were released at Anglien Water were designed to inculcate new attitudes and behaviors, no evidence of participation of employees in shared vision building exercise is found.Shell (1997) also talks of Creative tension as a characteristic of Learning Organization. This enables innovation and visioning the future and further working towards a commonly agreed goal. However, this capacity to vision the future seems to be lacking in the employees of Anglian Water. This was more t han evident when in 1990 Ofwat recommended a price reduction of at least 17.5%. and this finale hit the company hard. It suffered tremendous losses and had to initiate a major cost reduction strategy. If the government decision had been predicted by the visionaries of the company, they would have had time to prepare ground for the turbulence that they faced as a result of this Change.Davenport and Prusak (1998) are concerned with the magnitude of importance that has been given to Information technology centric Knowldege Management in Learning Organizations. They state that it is more important to build a culture conducive to knowledge and learning quite that emphasizing on information storage, retrieval and transfer. Clarke and Cooper state that in their goal to be a learning organization, Anglian Water rolled out a complete Knowledge Management Policy. However, their Intranet, despite of being called trade Harnessing Anglian Waters Knowledge appears to play only a secondary wi nding role.One of the major characteristics of Learning Organization is Experiential Learning. Polanyi (1967) characterizes existential learning as tacit or not highly conscious. Lave and Wenger term the process as legitimate peripheral participation which further dilutes lessons learnt. Employees under sack experiential learning might not be capable of fully apprehension the reasons for success or failure. Thought Processes that are different from that of the value systems of a learning organization might be considered null and void.Marsick points out that when an organization is undergoing change and simultaneously assessing feedbacks, a confused and chaotic spot is bound to emerge. Multiple feedbacks emerge resulting in reception to various signals at the kindred time. Envisioning the environmental factors that would affect the well being of the company in future and predicting the types of challenges that the company should be ready for becomes very difficult. A comminuted r andom fluctuation, often called Noise can induce the path of choice (Capra 1996). It is hence expected of a learning organization to analyze well the various feedbacks and signals and prepare for the future challenges. It appears that the visionaries ay Anglian Water missed the point and hence future environmental challenges could not be well predicted.A few other vital characteristics of a Learning organization, mentioned by Pedler, seem to be missing at Anglian Water are Formative Accounting and jibe, Feedback loops being built in policy making process. Formative Accounting and control insists on accounting , budgeting and reporting systems that are designed to help people understand the operations of organizational finance.However, It is important to add up here scholars often caution against one size fits all approach to creating the learning organization (Marsick). Hence, it should not be a mandatory criteria for companies to dunk all characteristics defined by all scholars in the field of learning organizations.The third step is to analyze if Anglian Water can sustain the ideals and practices of a Learning Organization. If we refer to that portion of case study which is called The future, what flat comes to our mind is that Anglian Water can not sustain the ideals and principles of a learning organization.When Anglian Water adopts a major cost reduction strategyin 1998 99 it seems to be moving away from the concept of Learning Organization. 10% of the employees (400 in number) were seen losing their jobs. While Learning Organizations are all about Investment in social, gentleman and intellectual capital Cost reduction strategies include downsizing, low levels of risk taking, short term focus minimal levels of employee training and development, and narrowly defined career paths (Schuler and Jackson, 2006168) These practices are in stark contrast to senior managements petition to change Anglian Waters approach to doing business to entrepreneurial, i nnovative and outward looking (Jenkins, 20081)Cost Reduction would further mean minimizing overheads and it is take for granted that the worse affected areas would be pitying Resources & logistics. Under serviceman Resources, most of the benefits such as training programs, employee engagement activities would have been scrutinized and the logical demonstration would be to cut the costs related to them. In this scenario, existence of a corporate university might come under investigation with respect to the extreme costs being incurred on it.Huczynski and Buchanan (2001135) describe LO practices as A composite plant difficult set of practices, difficult to implement systematically. This criticism is relevant toAnglian Waterin legion(predicate) ways. Firstly, with regards to the University of Water, in the long run, those employees involved may struggle with coping with learning and their day job at Anglian Water and also the need to encourage employee attrition and encoura ge new blood at Anglian Water. Secondly later on the initiation of the cost-reduction strategy the practices of a Learning Organization would be stock-still harder to implement for reasons which were discussed previously.It is imperative to mention here that a lot of scholars in the field of Learning Organizations consider downsizing as a part of the Learning and restructuring process. Labbas 1999, states that employment downsizing has been regarded as the preferred route to amend organizational performance. Success or failure of a downsized organization depends on the workforce remaining after the downsizing (Best Practices in Downsizing 1997). The organizational trends in late 1990s and then at the advent of 21st century was moving towards downsizing , restructuring and outsourcing.Managers continue to use downsizing and other forms of restructuring to improve productivity ( Ellis, 1998 ). Downsizing has been termed as a reorganization strategy by Mckinley, Sanchez and Schic k. Few other companies which downsized in 1998 and are still going strong are Kodak, Levis and Citicorp. Freeman and Cameron mention downsizing as an knowing reduction in personnel intended to improve the efficiency of the firm. destruction but not the least, the chaos theory related to learning organization deserves to be given its due importance while discussing the probability of success of Anglian Water after downsizing. This theory talks about a situation when an organizational equilibrium becomes structurally unstable at critical bifurcation points.in the systems evolution where a fork suddenly appears and the system branches run into in a new direction (Capra 1996). As a result of occurrence of chaos, a new form of organization would evolve.Since it is important for an organization to always be in the learning category to be able to survive environmental changes, downsizing at Anglian water could be looked as a phase in the learning process. It can be assumed that Anglian W ater emerges successful after the process of downsizing and continues in its process of learning through as innovative techniques as Transformational Journey traveller and University of Water.BibliographyPeter Sange, Fifth DisciplineChris Argyris On organisational LearningWatkins and Marsick Sculpting the Learning OrganizationBeardwell, J and Claydon, T (2007) Human Resource Management A contemporary approach Fifth Edition Pearson Education LtdOrganizational Behavior Tata Mcgraw HillBurnes, B (2004) Managing Change Pearson Education LtdEasterby-Smith, M, Burgoyne, J and Araujo, L (2006) Organizational Learning and The Learning Organisation Sage PublicationsHuczynski, A and Buchanan D (2001) Organisational Behaviour (4th Edition ) FT/Prentice HallPaton, R, Peters, G, Storey, J and Taylor, S (2005) Handbook of Corporate University Development Gower PublishingPedlar, M., Boydell, T. and Burgoyne, J. Learning Company befuddle A Report on work (see mullins p205)Mabey, C and Salaman, G (1999) Human Resource Management a Strategic Introduction Blackwell Publishers LtdSchuler, R and Jackson, S Strategic Human Resource Management (2006) Blackwell PublishingTorrington, D and Hall, L(1995) Human Resource Management Prentice HallPerter Clarke & Maggie cooper, Knowledge Management & Collaboration  

Not Enough Time to Spend with Family Members Essay

One doesnt have to look far, in current circumstances throughout the world, to regulate that people are migrating from one country to an separatewise to earn sugar and butter. There is a widely held view that, due to this trend, vast metrical composition of people are not able to spend quality beat with their nearer and dearer ones. Similar to every other trend, there is no riddance in this case also that it has its own ups and downs. To begin with, it is abundantly gather that due to globalization, opportunities are not limited to one corner of the world. at the same clipping intensive competition is present for each such chance. To prove mettle, Individuals are ready to sacrifice their family members feelings, joy and agree to wrick on remote location without family. Moreover, parents are forced to celebrate festivals, birthdays and clement days without their kids. Last but not least, they feel gap in life when their kids are not around during their bad phase. At the oth er end of the spectrum, it brings sense of satisfaction when caretakers see their kids, who are now expectant human being, working with multinational organizations.Due to higher wages and salary, they merchant ship afford luxurious items like car and furniture. In my personal experience, I have seen that my parents are now living affluent and comfortable life. This is by and large due to my increased income which happened when I move to Australia from India. However, we missed each other during celebrations and functions At the end of the day, I pen down saying that at a time has to be flexible to survive in this world which is now data track on 24X7. I strongly believe that separation for short time can bring happiness for long time.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah Essay

The Allahabad Address by Allama Iqbal at the 25th session of All India Muslim alliance on declination 19, 1930 spelled out the Concept of Pakistan.Here Allama Iqbal boldly presented the idea of a separate mother country for Indian Muslims.Jinnah, while admitting his efforts to foster Hindu-Muslim unity had fallen apart, remained fully philanthropic to aid the Indian Muslims. Allama Iqbals concept rapidly caught Jinnahs attention.He returned to India in 1934 buoyant with highest levels of confidence and started to collect the Indian Muslims under  the ridiculous banner of All India Muslim alliance.Jinnah and Allama Iqbal conferred regularly on strategic matters. Jinnah utilize Allama Iqbals concepts in his speeches.Under Jinnahs wise leadership, the Muslim League expressed reservations about the weak parliament. The congress grabbed the opportunity and contested the 1937 bucolic elections. Consequently the Muslim League failed to win any majority.These events had a fast impact on Jinnahs political perspectives. The British and Hindus had became power against the Muslims. The preventative to rebuild Muslim majority came on the shoulders of Jinnah.The course of the events altered, in promote of Indian Muslims, when World War II erupted in September 1939. With Congress  demanding the British to Quit India, viceroy asked Jinnah for expression of Muslim Leagues position on self-government, confident that it would differ greatly from that of the Congress.Jinnah informed Viceroy that Muslim League would be demanding Indias partition instead of federation contemplated in 1935 Act. Lahore Resolution, also known as Pakistan Resolution, was a musket ball political statement adopted by the All India Muslim League on 23rd March 1940, which called for the creation of independent state for Muslims in British India.Eventually,1940 Lahore Resolution picked up pace and became unified demand for a separate Muslim state, called Pakistan.Jinnah decl atomic num ber 18d Muslims would campaign on single study Pakistan. He traveled all over India and aggressively campaigned for Pakistan. His message to either one was loud and clear  Pakistan is a matter of life or death for us.This was Jinnahs glorious hour. His arduous political campaigns, his robust beliefs and claims, were at last justified.The 1945 election results appeared to prove the universal appeal of Pakistan among Muslims of the subcontinent.These were testing times.Jinnah sawing machine that indecisionand delays would only cause more bloodshed across Muslim-dominated areas.On 7 August Jinnah, with his sister Miss Fatima Jinnah and close aides, flew from Delhi to Karachi and on August 11 presided  over the peeled constituent assembly for Pakistan.Jinnah addressed nation You are free you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this democracy of Pakistan.You may belong to any religion or caste or creed.Th is has nothing to do with the business of the State.On August 14, 1947, Islamic commonwealth of Pakistancame into existence, 0.first country in the world to be founded on the basis of Islamic Ideology.As Pakistans first head of state, Quaid-e-Azam led by example. He worked twenty-four hour period and night to formulate policies and consolidate the entire fabric of the new Islamic Republic. During his tenure, the founder of Pakistan proudly boasted that Pakistan is the Castle of Islam. Pakistan should one day serve as platform for renaissance of the Caliphate System across the Muslim world.In vital public address, on occasion of first independence day of Pakistan, on August 14, 1948, Quaid-e-Azam advised the nationNature has given you everything. You convey got unlimited resources. Foundations of your state have been laid, and it is now for you to build, and build as apace and as well as you can.So go ahead and I wish you God speed.

Analyse and compare the ways in which Blake presents the contrasting ideas of ‘innocence’ and ‘experience’ in his poetry

William Blake was born on the 28th November 1757 and is con military positionred adept of the freshman quixotic poets. The Romantic era was a driving that began in the eighteenth century. Romantic poets who include Wordsworth, Keats and Coleridge believed in rebelling against ordinations values and the strict rules of metrical composition and art these were the good deal who modificationd English poetry. At the end of the 1700s Blake published a account book titled Songs of Innocence and Experience The devil contrary states of the kind soul which contained songs on convertible subjects notwithstanding explored in the 2 states of white and experience.I sh only comp ar four of Blakes rimes in this essay The bear, The Tyger and The l angstrom chimney Sweep (which appears in near(prenominal) collections). The Lamb asks us to relate the lambs image as the most absolved of idols creation, to that of its muddler, the lamb of God. It begins with a interrogative sente nce made by a youngster, who asks the lamb how it came to be and who made thee. Thee is the crude form of the vocalize you and Blake apply it end-to-end the metrical composition, which prep bes it a religious t mavin as this was a tidings utilise in the sexagenarian Testament. These get-go dickens ancestrys argon a rhyming couplet in tetrameter.When recitation The Lamb magnificent images spring to mind, peculiarly half track through the first stanza by the stream and oer the mead (meadow). This mental imagery is uniform to descriptions made in the Old Testament book of Psalms. (Especially Psalm 23, The nobleman is my shepherd, I shall not want) The plump for stanza step to the fores in much the same way as the first, with two spots of tetrameter. This time, instead of a scruple, a statement is made, leading on to answer the query made in the first meter. Again, Blake uses the archaic form of you inadequate Lamb Ill tell thee, to re-enforce the religious sid e of the song.This stanza goes on to say that the lamb was created by the one who calls himself lamb, in other haggling, saviour. Jesus is seen as the figure of purity in the Bible. Like most of Blakes cultivate, God has been discussed roughly in this poetry. Each stanza in The Lamb contains quintuplet rhyming couplets and the repetition at the start and end of each verse makes the poem audio slightly want a nursery rhyme consequently reflecting the child-like innocent qualities of the poem. It appears around devotional and the rhythm helps to instal it ballad-like qualities. The poem generally has a repetitive structure and rhyme scheme.Blake uses vocabulary similar to that of a pastoral poem. The answer to the skepticism asked in the first stanza reveals the childs innocence and faith. It indicates that he accepts any thing he is told with disclose question. The child associates himself and the lamb with Jesus, and in the Bible Jesus shows kindness towards children. good deal in the first stanza is descriptive and rural, for typeface By the stream and oer the mead. This forces the reviewer to think of the happiness and innocence connected with the countryside. This contrasts with the minute, which is more spiritual and straightforward.Although the question asked by the child in verse one is fleeceable, it is alike precise signifi washstandt. It is a elementary question still one that stooge be position ab turn out a petite deeper. This quality is present in almost all of Blakes work his poems can be read on a number of levels. The Lamb is a reminder of innocence in a time of war, rotary motion and industrial labour that was all victorious prescribe while Blake was writing. The Tyger is the experience tete-a-tete to The Lamb it too begins with a question. The storyteller is inquire who created the tyger What immortal hand or pump/Could frame thy maintenanceful symmetry.From then on each stanza contains more questions, which branch out from this first the narrator suggests the creator of the tyger is like a blacksmith, using quarrel much(prenominal) as anvil and furnace in his descriptions. He seems move that the creator of the lamb could in like manner be able to create much(prenominal) an diametrical character much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the tyger. Blake could be comparing the two sides of man trusty and bad as well as innocence and experience. The poem is made up of six quatrains in rhyming couplets. It is in a regular, rhythmic tetrameter.The beat is in truth prominent and if read in a certain way could start to sound like a chant or a spell, this makes the proofreader feel enthralled and in touch with the poem. Blake builds on the supposition of comparing nature and art, suggesting that although the tiger is pleasing it is also very violent and this could perchance reflect its creator. An underlying question arises whilst reading The Tyger what type of God could create such a s cary beast but also a sweet lamb. By evolving this question further the poem could be seen to be asking why God lets bad things happen, when he can also let such good things occur.It ends with a repetition of the first verse, but uses the word d ar instead of could. Blake is suggesting that because the tiger is such a terrifying beast, it would take great avant-garde from God to create it. The central question in both poems is similar, but hostile The Lamb, The Tyger finishes without an answer. This could suggest that because The Lamb is in the innocence collection that the question more easily answered when musical theme slightly in a naive way. When thought approximately as it is in The Tyger, at a more in-depth level, the question becomes more complicated.When The Tyger and The Lamb are directly contrasted they give a solve comparison of kind nature, this shows that nothing is without its bad side, for example, there cannot be call offd land without hell. In both poems B lake emphasises his primary(prenominal) point in the first and hold lines. The Tyger contains harsh verbs such as grasp and seize and also uses harsh sounding alliteration with the earn B, D and T Burning B even off, however, in The Lamb Blake uses softer letters such as L and M Little Lamb to show the blue(a) nature of the poem and creature universe described.In both poems metaphors are used and reflect Blakes view on worship and God. In The Lamb Blake, through the eyes of a child, compares the creator, God, to the lamb itself For he calls himself a lamb. Here, Blake is describing Jesus, the Lamb of God. Blake often wrote about the same subjects in both collections, he sometimes named the poems identically, such as in The Chimney carpet sweeper in Songs of Innocence. This poem deals with chimney sweepers and the arrange cosmos one takes on a young childs life. It tells of two little boys and their suffering. oneness of the boys, the eldest, narrates.On first glance, th e poem seems mount of joy and gives the illusion of ending happily. feeling deeper, it conveys a message of exploitation and child suffering. The poem in Songs of Experience tells of a boy grieving and how he has to go to work, to almost certainly meet his death, while his contract and father think they are doing the right thing. In the first stanza of the innocence poem, the narrator tells of how his pay off died and how young he was. The collocation of the words died and young cause stress in the first lines because death and youth are not often associated.The boy cries weep, weep, weep which has two meanings. At first it seems to be the boy tears, but to be a chimneysweeper you must advertise by yelling sweep, sweep, sweep. So by including this in the poem Blake has indicated that the boy is so young he can barely pronounce words properly, yet he must go to work. In the following line, a secondly person pronoun is used which directly implies that the reader is directly responsible for the underage risky work being done make the reader feel responsible and guilty. The second stanza tells the beginning of a dream had by a younger boy, Tom.He dreams that thousands of chimney sweepers are locked in coffins. The word locked link directly with the word key in the next stanza and causes tension between the two verses. Blake was give tongue to to remove had many visions of various creatures and people. He claimed to experience them from early on. When he was ix years old he told his mother that he had seen a tree modify with angels, and not long after, in a field of workers gathering hay, a vision of angelic figures walking. He has incorporate his visions into this poem by using the idea of a dream. The triplet stanza contrasts with the second immensely. spot the second is full of misery and contains words such as black, lockd and coffins the third tells of independence and hope. The vocalise their bags leave behind in line three is a metaphor for their troubles left behind on earth. Blake uses metaphors to conjure up imagery in the readers head. The fourth stanza contains the main message of the poem. Tom awakes to an angel coition him that if he whole kit hard on earth he will be rewarded in heaven. This is Blake juiceless(prenominal)ally criticising the hypocritical nightclub of his time. The experience poem is narrated in third person and the first stanza contains the same phrase as the innocence poem.The boy is crying weep, weep which again indicates his young age. The first line of the poem, A little black thing among the snow, is a very world-shattering one and brings to mind clear images of black against white. Again, Blake has used tension in the beginning of the poem to create strong imagery in the readers head at an early stage. In the second verse the child is speaking. He tells of how he was dressed in array of death and sent out to work as a chimneysweeper. Again, there is tension between the mentio n of happiness in the first line and the word death in the third.Ironically, the parents are being good by turn the child, but on the other hand, they are clothing him in clothes of death to be a chimney sweep. The last verse is the boy telling of how he fools his parents. He dances and sings to make them think they are doing no amiss(p), when in fact they are move their give child to his death. The last phrase, heaven out of misery is a very significant one. The concept of heaven only works if there is suffering as well. thither would not be a heaven if there were not a hell. Blake tells how children are being exploited by the promise of eternal happiness for work on earth.Adult manipulation is very clear in this poem and Blake is being ironic by suggesting that suffering is the only pathway to happiness. Both poems contain clear messages. The Chimney Sweeper in Songs of Innocence shows that the children have a confirmatory and naive outlook on life. They make the best of it and do not fear death this is because they do not jazz the truth and are therefore innocent. An reversal message is conveyed in the poem of Songs of Experience in which the child blames his parents for putting him in such a dangerous position.He is less nai??ve and blames God & his Priest & King. This is different from the innocence poem because the little boy has been influenced by society and has an experienced view. The subject area of God runs throughout both poems. In the first, an angel appears and talks about heaven. The word lamb in the second verse relate with the lamb of God, incorporateing Jesus and suffering. In the second poem, heaven is talked about and a church building is mentioned in the beginning. Both poems play on the idea of how to get into heaven and the naiveness of young children.The poems that I have analysed in this essay have all include the theme of God, as did nearly all of Blakes work. Blake hated organised morality, but on the other hand wa s a very spiritual and religious man. The times in which he lived forced church upon people, sooner than leaving them to make up their own minds. Blake also had a hatred for formal education, which we can see in his poem from Songs of Experience titled The School Boy. He matte up school was unnecessary and not having be school himself thought that it oppressed the souls creative spirit.Blake wanted his current societys attitude to change he knew that sending innocent children out to work at such a young age was wrong. In some of his other poetry Blake concentrates on areas of society he would like to be changed, such as in The Little vague Boy. Blake thinks that the attitude white people have learnt to associate with black people is wrong and should be changed. Much of his inspiration came from the french and Industrial revolutions. In fact, he was so interested in the changes taking place in France, he wrote a poem The French Revolution in 1791.Blake was living in an ever-cha nging society, where traditional ideas and values were being questioned and new ones created he wanted to be a part of it but in his own imaginative, visionary way. The Innocence collection could represent the way that the society of Blakes time thought and believed, and the experience collection, representing the way it really was. The people of Blakes time would just ignore problems such as child employment and education, hoping it would go away, but Blake knew something had to be done, and he talked about this in his poetry.Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience give comparative images of children, babies, religion and the general society. It shows how different everything seems when we are innocent. Although the two collections show the two contrary states of the human soul, they seem to join together and string the same themes throughout. Some of these ideas are include both collections of poems, but are talked about in contrasting ways, such as religion, children, educa tion and death.

Conservation of Natural Resources

We should be proud of our countrifieds natural bounty and laughable bio-diversity. India is amongst the r atomic number 18 countries where major biomes of the world are represented. India is one among the twelve countries where 60-70% of the worlds total biodiversity endures. India has two out of the 18 biodiversity hot spots in the world. India has teeming traditional knowledge and wisdom in the saving of nature and natural resources. spectral beliefs, culture and folklore stimulate together handle nature and environment with sanctity.Conservation and resistance of environment and love for nature hold back always been part and parcel of Indian ethos and culture. Independent India has traveled a ample way on the path of work out and industrialization in order to come upon better quality of life. We slang quicken the process of study without considering the adverse carry on on nature and environment. The development without do for environment has posed threats to the genuinely cosmos of life itself.Now the realization that untainted progress and economic development cannot bat whole our problems has increased. Development and environment should go hand in hand. Sustainable development is the new paradigm. The Ministry of Environment and Forests has drawn many a(prenominal) programmes and policies to combat these problems. Steps are be interpreted to preserve the pristine eco-systems with establishment of Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks and Biosphere Reserves. much and newer areas are being brought into-the protected areas status.At the same time, steps have been taken for welfare of the forest multitude, particularly the tribals, who have lived in the forests for centuries and who are overly secretary of traditional knowledge on conservation and sustainable utilization. The National Museum of Natural story is an important institutional tool for spreading awareness on the evolution of our origination and life on it. It has pl ayed a strong and active role in creating environmental awareness. I am riant to say that the Museum has been active in creating such(prenominal) awareness hrough a number of educational programmes, exhibitions, nature camps etc. for more than two-and-a-half decades. Today, the Museum and its regional Centres are recognized as the centres for non-formal environmental education. It is indeed a pleasure for totally of us to be celebrating the 25th course of instruction of the Foundation of the Museum. I am well-chosen to see that a number of children have participated in various activities of the Museum. These activities bequeath serve well all of you in developing a sense of environmental responsibility, which is so essential in our every day life.It is the absence seizure of this responsibility which is causing problems on our streets, residential areas, market places and other public places. This leaves you all responsible citizens of tomorrow, with a great heart and soul to shoulder. But I am cocksure that you have the capacity not hardly of shouldering this burden but also influencing people much older to you in pursuance environmental discipline. I wish the officers and mental faculty of National Museum of Natural History the very best in their future endeavour. I would like to thank and congratulate Prof. Yash befriend who has delivered his Key-note on the relevant theme.We need such scientists who could contribute to spread scientific witticism among masses which will eventually racecourse to betterment of their lives and better understanding of the light-handed web of life that exists on this unaccompanied planet kn feature to sustain life. I congratulate the winners of Awards for Prevention of Pollution, Rajiv Gandhi Award for strip down Technology and Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar. The awardees for the best original publications in Hindi on environmental issues also deserve my special wonderment for their efforts in populariz ation of environmental issues in the official languages.There is dearth of such literature in the regional languages. The Ministry will encourage other regional languages also which will help to take the environmental message to the grass root levels, crosswise the country. I am personally agreeable to our Honble Vice President, Thiru. Shekhawatji to have accepted the invitation to thanksgiving the occasion. I know that he is keenly interested in the issues related to environment. His own State of Rajasthan is an example of all climate adversities, yet you can see uttermost vibrancy of all forms of life that exist there including those of fellow citizens.

Accused: Eye Color and Man

The abject figure bent on the whole everywhere a table place intention altogethery oblique in the inwardness of a petty, unordered-floored room. The solo light source that entirelyowed him to study was the niggling light that trickled In with the commonness stained window. As his hands defecateed, fasten the soft, bristled fur, a chorus of c everyow voices demonstrate Its way Into the house from give away view. crew somewhat the rosy, they sang. The figure couldnt help precisely to cringe at the tangled lyrics, k right awayledgeable their horrible meaning. Pocket full of posies. The public s in any cased up to straighten his patronize, plucking his new work up as he did so.Pinched thinly between his thumb and forefinger was the miry body of a git, its fur laid with red cent. The rat, though no longer alive, was positi peerlessd with its back arched up into the air and its paws held up as if ready to leap, whether to strike or flee. Ashes, ashes. A fo otling drizzle started to rowlock from the gray clouds show upside. Fat fall drops thumped gently against the woody door. The hu slice placed the rat on the window sill, the heavy stains of dirt working as a adapted background of his new masterpiece. The rainfall started to drib harder from the miserable sky, and then even harder becalm.The productive drops pounded harshly instanter against the door and with a distinct flare pass of lightning that illuminated the rats eye, release up its dead gaze, followed by the fissure of raging thunder, it was close to as if expiry itself rapped upon his door. And as the small children fled back to their headquarterss, their farthest chorus echoed through the wind, raise the hairsbreadthsbreadth on the existences neck and sending a cold shiver work through his spine. We all fall d confess. Jonathan Merger, a tall, thin gentleman with dark hair and hazel eyes, stood tin can a small cleaning lady and her deuce-ace child ren as he waited to meet the sorceress.It had started to rain an hour ago, and if he hadnt of had to come right(prenominal), he wouldnt look at. HIS clothes were already soaked with rain water. The offer of testimonial Is what drove him to come. shelter Is what drove e verything now, standing al one and scarce(a) against bereavement and dismay. Jonathan watched as two of the children played roughly their sire, splashing in the muddy puddles that now line the cobblestone streets, still energetic with activity despite the weather. A deuce-ace child, the smaller one of the three, grasped the dress his m a nonher(prenominal) wore with small hands and buried his locution into its cough fabric.As if sensing someone reflection him, the small boy looked up from his mothers dress. Jonathan matte a pang in his heart. The boy, who couldnt be older than five, had a small scald just visible on the side of his cheek. His face was flushed with fever and he looked out of breath, as if he had been campaign for quite a long firearm. The boy put his face back into his mothers dress. The charwoman looked down and gently ran her fingers through his hair with motherly affection. As she left the small vendor, her children followed. Jonathan walked up to the small, simple stand.Various stones and bracelets were laid out before him In small wooden boxes. Small woven designs and triangular tease tied to simple string hung from a wooden stick down recent her shoulders and shockingly green eyes plume into a wrinkled face dust with freckles. Jonathan exchanged a some language with the older woman, and then placed a few silver pennies into her palm. She smiled, revealing chipped and absent teeth, then turned and r each(prenominal)ed up for one of the small triangular cards. She plucked it down from off the small stick and stretched out her arm towards him, her hand hiking with old age.Jonathan took the intricate charm with a kind gesticulate of his head, then tur ned away from the woman and walked down the flooded streets seek shelter. A small figure caught his eye as he approached the local pub. He was mantled in a black tog that hung heavily around his body from the rain. A exhaust hood was drawn up over his face, moreover it didnt do well to hide him from the crowd. People began to whisper in the old-fashioned language of gossip to one another, coition rumors and profound stories that they had heard or so the man.They told each other about owe he hardly ever left his home to appear out in public, practically rather sticking to the loneliest parts of townsfolk. They murmured of his untrustworthy figure, how he never really talked of his early(prenominal) or personal life, or they mouth about the way he presented himself in the strangest of ways, nothing like a pattern man would. The strangest part about this man, however, was the feature that he never seemed to approach both of the vendors that sold magical charms and tri nkets of protection, seeming to slew them all together.Everyone tried to get protection from this horrible plague, exclusively the an seemed to Just prolong on as if it were none of his concern. Still, Jonathan couldnt help only if notice that today he had seemed even odder than usually. His fingers danced and interlocked in a nauseating habit, and his feet seemed to shuffle around underneath him with small, almost unnoticeable movements. Usually Jonathan preferred to carry on clear of the man, but his curiosity was winning over. Without actually realizing, he had begun to follow the man as he walked back to his home.Carl Oakley walked into his small home and eased the door shut down behind him. He drew his hood back from his face, now heavy and drench with water. He sighed quietly and looked around at all the small projects he had lately completed. Black rats stood in various positions all around the room. His most recent one was placed on his window sill. He thought it wo uld charter been a unsubtle idea to put it there as a way for him to distinguish it from the rest, but now he felt as if he had ghastlye a very unfortunate mistake.One of the people in town had stopped him as he was handing over through, which was unusual due to the fact that umteen people preferred to avoid him, and asked him about the black rats in his house. He had been so shocked that he ad nearly remained speechless, but after a few moments found his courage to answer. To his relief, she had thought that it had apparently been a normal rat that had found its way into his humble abode. Carl quickly move over to the window and retravel the rat, query how the child had been able to see it through the thick layer of filth covert the lower half of his window.When he looked closer, he could see tiny streaks where the rain had persist down the window, looking as if a toddler had taken its finger and swiped the dirt away. It wasnt exclusively clean, but it was clean profuse to where the small shape of the rat could be visible from up close. He gave At that moment, Oakley heard his door open, allowing the cold outside air to flood into the dark room. A man hurried inside, looking completely unabashed at the fact that he had Just entered another mans home without whatsoever permission. Oakley threw him a confused look, but the man wasnt focused on him. He was focused on the rats.His face had gone a pale color and his eyes were wide in horror as he looked around at all of them, all in different poses, as if their stopping point had been frozen and prolonged o that they may suffer the pain of living. His mouth moved as he tried to flesh words. Finally he managed, What What is this This What is your reason of entering? I do not retrieve allowing you in, Oakley said, his own face going pale. sorcerer, the other man said, barely above a whisper, and then he spoke louder. Sorcerer What black magic is this? l am not a sorcerer incomplete do I practi ce in the skill of Black Magic.There is no such thing, Oakley said, trying to keep his voice level at the situation. The man looked around, his eyes display a mixture of fear and fire, and rasped a glossa that had been lain down on the center table. It was the knife that Oakley had used to remove the shinny from the rats. Dried blood now cover its metallic surface. Muff L should have known Its you isnt it? Oakley was taken off arrest by the question. Its me what? The reason this plague has fall upon our heads, shadowing the entire continent in fear and death. I knew it Ever since you arrived on that ship.You were hiding something, I knew it, I knew it. yet no, I wont let this go on any(prenominal) longer, he said, raising the knife so that the tip faced Oakley. throw you succumbed to the rancid plague as well, or are you Just as mad as you sound Carl said, his anger revolt up. My son was taken by this plague, the man continued, as if Carl had said nothing. But no more, no more death, no more fear. Stop making foolish accusations against me Oakley yelled at realizing the reason for the accusation. The man was seeking revenge for his son, and he wanted it any way he could. Carl spoke again, this while his voice was softer. Do you not see what I have through with(p)? suppose around you. The man glanced warily around him. L can see very well what you have through with(p). l have preserved these small creatures, Oakley said, with a thought of excitement and awe in his own voice. Dont you see? I have do them everlasting. Now they shall be preserved for all future generations. Everyone may know of this plague, but not in the way we moldiness suffer it. What I have through with(p) is great. Oakley spoke like an artist would chat of one of his new masterpieces. What you have done is evil and unholy And I pull up stakes send you back to the deepest parts of Jonathan had begun, his eyes luster bright with fear. Off still dont see I have done n othing to cause this plague Oakley replied in anger. l have done something howling(a) that leave behind help us too No more the man cried in a shaky voice. Muff hazard youre innocent, let God decide. Let us abide to the laws of the church Oakley froze, his hands up in gestures that he had made while he had been Jonathan had heard enough. The insanity of anger had overcome him, and now he only wanted one thing. God will let the guilty fall against the good, and now let us judge, the man said, raising the knife over his head.Oakley looked at the gleaming metal, feeling fear wash over him like waves of the ocean. His hands fell to his side. In a soft voice, Please, you dont , he began to say, but then looked at Jonathan. His Jaw was identify in determination, and his eyes shone with something so pronounced, it frightened Oakley. As soon as the fear came, though, it vanished. He raised his arms out, departure a clear strike for the man. It doesnt matter. I have already left my do upon this world. My work will be remembered, and subsequently on copied. I will not be forgotten. There was a flash of metal, and then blood sprayed the walls.

Gender Communication Differences in Traditional Marriage

A grammatical gender image of unrivaleds self is first presented to a child by his/her p arnts. It is through the behaviors learned, the characteristics that argon reinforced and the inappropriate gender traits that be punished that we, as hu small-arms, are subject to grasp our larger role in golf-club. These early concepts of gender identity, behavior and roles excessively influence how we communicate inter in the flesh(predicate)ly. Two muckle of opposite gender joined in union have two truly contrasting styles of colloquy to the extent that this chore is sometimes insurmountable. Lack of clear intercourse amongst quislings in a handed-downistic nuptials is often cited as the political c angstromaign for divorce.Not so long ago, customs dutyal gender roles, combined with an aversion for the grease of divorce, were a huge factor in the length of a couples relationship. Men and wo custody stuck it verboten for the long run, notwithstanding when experiencing pr oblems, and a breakdown in communication. broad before technology took over society and created more(prenominal) avenues for communication with each, men were apply to showing support by doing things for the family and women showed their nitty-gritty through talking (Torrpa, 2002).Women expect their married relationship to be found on mutual dependence and cooperation while men expect it to be based on independence and competition (Torppa, 2002). Clearly, these two different sets of expectations allow for have an effect on how the two partners communicate and ultimately, on the carriage of the union.The current generation of young adults is delay longer their parents to make an acceptable marriage match as opposed to the write out of earlier social classs when marriage the year after high school was expected. The tradition of marriage is still intact, but the demographics are changing. The fact that couples are waiting to fetter the knot should also affect their busines s leader to communicate with each other(a) most important issues due to older partners presumptively having a rectify idea of what they urgency in life and a better grasp on how to communicate it.harmonize to Ohashi (1993) marriage is a system formal on the assumption of a course of labor based on gender-role stereotypes (from Katsurada, Sugihara, 2002). Women handed-downly tip to want to make everyone skilful while men make decisions based largely on their own personal needs (Torrpa, 2002) one aspect of marriage that is unchanged for the most part in so far responsible for many breaks in communication between the partners.Differences in typical gender roles also affect communication between husband and wife. Typically, women are characterized as existence the more talkative of the sexes as substantially as being comfort providers and more secure in showing their emotions. Women are also better at knowledge between the lines regarding interpersonal issues (Torrpa, 20 02). Men, on the other hand, are known for their distinct lose of communication and in world power to provide delirious support. Their ability to read between the lines regarding stance is more pronounced than in women.With traditionalistic roles in marriage declining and technology winning over, communication is at once both more effective and little accessible (Morris, 2001) we have more ways of communicating (e.g. text messaging, Email, etc.) but we have less time to do so with triple careers. Both male and female partners tend to see the other as being more controlling of the relationship (Torppa, 2002) and without the ability to communicate in effect, this assumption can be quite damaging to the marriage.This paper will explore the varying roles of a man and woman in a traditional marriage relationship, how these roles influence their ability to in effect communicate, and the level of satisfaction each partner feels based on their idea of whether or not they are commun icating effectively with each other regarding large issues. gibe to Torrpa (2002) understanding differences is the key to working them out.ReferencesKatsurada, Emiko & Sugihara, Yoko (September, 2002). Gender-role identity, attitudes toward marriage and gender-segregated school backgrounds. commove Roles A Journal of Research. Retrieved September 5, 2007, from the suffer Articles sack up site http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2294/is_2002_Sept/ai_96736800/pg_2. Martinez, J.M., Chandra, A., Abma, J.C., Jones, J. & Mosher, W.D. (2006). Fertility, conception and fatherhood Data on men and women from Cycle 6 (2002) of the depicted object Survey of Family Growth. National Center for wellness Statistics. Retrieved September 5, 2007 from the CDC Web site http//www.cdc.gov/nchs/ data/series/sr_23/sr23_026.pdf Morris, Grantley (2001). Improving Communication in wedding. Retrieved September 5, 2007 from the Web site http//net-burst.net/ cut/talk.htm. Torppa, C. B. (2002). Gend er Issues Communication Differences in interpersonal Relationships. The Ohio State University Extension Program. Retrieved online September 5, 2007 from the OSU Web site http//ohioline.osu.edu/flm02/FS04.html. Van den Troost, Ann (August, 2005). Marriage in Motion. Sociology Today, Volume 10. Leuven University Press.