Auditing and Professional Practice Reporting Decision Making

Question: Describe about the Auditing and Professional Practice of Reporting Decision Making. Answer: Analysing the threat that might be evaluated from scenario one: After the effective evaluation of the scenario, certain threats might be identified, which might have a negative impact on the fundamental principles of the auditors. In this context, Weigand Elsas (2012) stated that fundamental principle mainly helps in reducing the unethical practises conducted by the companies to inflate their overall balance sheet. Moreover, the over identified threats of fundamental principles are as follows. Advocacy threat: According to the scenario the CFO of the company, mainly ask their auditors to project valuation of Steel Pty Ltd based on income and balance sheet statement. In addition, the advocacy threat mainly occurs if the auditors comply with the overall statement of the directors regarding certain point. In this context, Zeff (2016) stated that the auditors mainly support the unethical practices conducted by the company, which in turn helps in increasing their profits. On the other hand, Eilifsen et al., (2013) criticises that IFRS and GAAP effectively lays out rules of punishment and penalty, which might be imposed on auditors to reduce frauds conducted in the financial statements. Self Interest threat: In addition, the overall scenario mainly depicts that the auditors in term of self-interest mainly complied with the CFO of Bolts Ltd. Thus, the request of the financial report of Steel Pty Ltd without adding cash flow statement mainly increases the treat of self-interest. In addition, the self-interest threat mainly reduces the overall efficiency of the fundamental principles of auditing. Gebhardt, Mora Wagenhofer (2014) stated that due to the laid out rules of IFRS and GAAP auditor fear from losing their credential as authentic auditors. On the other hand, Power Gendron (2015) criticises that auditor with the help of identified loopholes in accoutring are able to suggest ways, which might help in inflating their financial statement. Depicting the two fundamental principles that might be at risk in scenario one: The overall fundamental principles that might be at risk are mainly evaluated as objectivity and professional behaviour. Kim, Liu Zheng (2012) mentioned that risks to fundamental principles are mainly controlled with the help of adequate control over operations of the auditors. In addition, the depicted risks are further explained as follows. Objectivity: In addition, the objectivity principle mainly depicts the auditor not to be biased in evaluating balance sheet of the company. However, accoutring to the scenario the auditor is forced to become biased in evaluating the financial performance of Steel Pty Ltd. Thus, the fundamental principle, objective is at risk in the given scenario. Weigand Elsas (2012) stated that identified principles of auditing mainly helps ACA to control ethical practises conducted by the auditors. On the contrary, Kouakou, Boiral Gendron (2013) cited that due to less monitoring process used by ACA the auditors with the help identified loopholes are able to increase their personal wealth. Professional Behaviour: In addition, the professional behaviour principle mainly depicts the use of laid out laws and rules in evaluating the financial performance of the company. However, in the overall scenario the CFO of Bolts Ltd mainly forces the auditors to evaluate the financial statements of the Steel Pty Ltd by leaving its overall cash flow statement. In this context, Lord (2016) stated that auditing process mainly helps in reducing portraying the adequate financial valuation of the company, which might be used by investors to make adequate decisions. On the other hand, Tsunogaya, Sugahara Chand (2016) criticises that auditors use loopholes in accounting process to compensate their personal desire and conduct unethical practises. Scenario Two: Analysing the decision of Luke with the help of American Accounting Association decision-making model (AAA): Figure 1: Depicting the AAA decision-making model (Source: Francis et al., 2015) Stage 1: Identifying and evaluating facts of the case After the evaluation of the overall scenario, Luke mainly understands that personality conflict is the main cause in dissatisfaction level of the client. In addition, the overall the late coming of Zane, which lead to the complaint from the client is also evaluated. Moreover, Luke also evaluates the identification of crucial audit issues by Zane, which helped in improving the audit process of the client. Stage 2: Evaluating ethical issues in the case The main identified ethical issues are the late coming, which was conducted by Zane during his work with the client. In addition, the personal conflict is also an issue identified by Luke in the scenario Stage 3: Depicting the principles and norms related to the case Appropriate Punctuality of the employees Customer and employee satisfaction level Stage 4: Determining the alternative course The company could force Zane to be punctual in future and make adequate apology to the existing client. Both Zane and Luke could be given the responsibility for the client to increase customer satisfaction level. In addition, Zane could teach Luke methods, which might help in identifying issues in clients audit. Step 5: Evaluating principles and alternative options The forceful implementation of punctuality and apology letter from Zane could help in improving client satisfaction level. Zane could teach Luke the critical audit process, which might help in identifying the audit issues. Stage 6: Depicting consequences of the action Outcome 1: The force full implementation might motivate Zane to leave the job, which might hamper operations of the auditing firm. Outcome 2: Zane might teach Luke its auditing process and increase customer satisfaction level of the client. Stage 7: Making adequate Decisions Zane will continue his work and become punctual. In addition, Zane will apologize to client and improve overall customer satisfaction level Table 1: Depicting the decision of Luke in the basis of AAA decision-making model (Source: As produced by the author) Analysing the difference in decision if Luke adopts Mary Guy Decision making model: Figure 2: Depicting the Mary Guy decision-making model (Source: Pettigrew, 2014) Stage 1 Identifying the problem Personality conflict between Zane and client Late arrival of Zane and reduction in punctuality Higher dissatisfaction level of the client Stage 2 Evaluating the goals that could be achieved To reduce complaint from client by implementing adequate strategy To increase efficiency of the auditors with the help implementation of punctuality Stage 3 Providing solution for the problem The auditing firm to set an example for other employee could terminate Zane. Zane could be forced to give an apology letter to the client and to the auditing firm for his unpunctuality Training Luke with the method used by Zane for identifying issues in audit Stage 4 Analysing alternative requirement that suites the situation Collecting apology letter from Zane addressing the reasons for his unpunctuality Adequate proofs could be provided by Luke to the client regarding efficiency of Zane in identifying audit issues Stage 5 Depicting actions that might give desired consequence Collecting apology letter from Zane and reducing customer dissatisfaction level Showing critical issues identified by Zane to the client and depict his efficiency at work Stage 6 Making adequate commitment to the choice To effectively encourage Zane to maintain punctuality To help train Luke for indentifying critical issues in audit Table 2: Depicting the decision of Luke in the basis of Mary Guy decision-making model (Source: As produced by the author) Scenario Three: Providing the two-risk assertion that might be witnessed in the accounts payable of the company: The overall scenario three mainly helps in evaluating the two-risk assertion, which is mainly affecting the accounting payable of the company. In addition, after the evaluation, Account balance assertion, and Transactional-level assertion is mainly at risk in scenario three. According to Mock Fukukawa (2015), identified risks mainly help auditors to reduce unethical practises, which might be deployed by companies to manipulate their overall financial statements. Depicting the overall justification for each identified assertion: Account balance Assertion: In scenario three, accounting balance assertion risks is mainly conducted due to unprocessed invoices of major suppliers being held and not recounted in the accounts payable statement. In addition, this mismatch in accounts payable statement might depict wrong financial statement of the company. Sonnenberg vom (2014) argued that portraying reduced profitability mainly help companies to decrease their overall tax payout. Transactional level Assertion: In addition, the slow flow of information conducted by the management to the accounting department is the reason for wrong transactional data depicted in the account payable statement. Mock Fukukawa (2015) argued that wrong depiction of profitability in the financial statement mainly help companies to reduce their retained earnings and in turn decrease their overall dividend payout ratio. Evaluating the substantial test, which might conducted in each identified assertion: Assertion Substantial test Evaluation Transaction-Level Assertions Inquiries, observations and inspections Test The test might help in identifying the correct prices of different transactions conducted by the company with log suppliers Account balance Assertions Evaluating and reperforming clients activities Test Reperforming clients activities might help in identifying the actual prices in five-year period and appropriately conduct account payable statement. Table 3: Depicting the substantial test for each (Source: As produced by the author) Reference: Eilifsen, A., Messier, W. F., Glover, S. M., Prawitt, D. F. (2013).Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Francis, B., Hasan, I., Park, J. C., Wu, Q. (2015). Gender differences in financial reporting decision making: Evidence from accounting conservatism.Contemporary Accounting Research,32(3), 1285-1318. Gebhardt, G., Mora, A., Wagenhofer, A. (2014). Revisiting the fundamental concepts of IFRS.Abacus,50(1), 107-116. Kim, J. B., Liu, X., Zheng, L. (2012). The impact of mandatory IFRS adoption on audit fees: Theory and evidence.The Accounting Review,87(6), 2061-2094. Kouakou, D., Boiral, O., Gendron, Y. (2013). ISO auditing and the construction of trust in auditor independence.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,26(8), 1279-1305. Lord, C. (2016).A democratic audit of the European Union. Springer. Mock, T. J., Fukukawa, H. (2015). Auditors' Risk Assessments: The Effects of Elicitation Approach and Assertion Framing.Behavioral Research in Accounting. Pettigrew, A. M. (2014).The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Power, M. K., Gendron, Y. (2015). Qualitative research in auditing: A methodological roadmap.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(2), 147-165. Sonnenberg, C., vom Brocke, J. (2014). The missing link between BPM and accounting: Using event data for accounting in process-oriented organizations.Business Process Management Journal,20(2), 213-246. Tsunogaya, N., Sugahara, S., Chand, P. (2016). Judgments of auditors on principles versus guidance in lease accounting standard: evidence from Japan.Asian Review of Accounting,24(3). Weigand, H., Elsas, P. (2012). Model-based auditing using REA.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,13(3), 287-310. Zeff, S. A. (2016).Forging accounting principles in five countries: A history and an analysis of trends. Routledge.

The Basics of Help with Essay Writing That You Will be Able to Learn From Starting Immediately

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Looking At The Themes Of Madame Bovary English Literature Essay Essay Example

Looking At The Themes Of Madame Bovary English Literature Essay Paper Anna Karenina and Madame Bovary are exceeding literary plants which are well-known internationally and have been translated from the original linguistic communications of Russian and Gallic into many other linguistic communications. The popularity of these novels is chiefly due to the subject of unfaithfulness put frontward by Leo Tolstoy in Anna Karenina and by Gustave Flaubert in Madame Bovary. The grounds for these novels being regarded above all else as authoritative novels of unfaithfulness, is due to the exceeding use of this subject in developing the secret plan of the novels and learning a moral lesson to the readers. Besides, the construct of composing about a common quandary that no 1 dared talk of at the clip, allow entirely compose of, has made these novels stand the trial of clip. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At The Themes Of Madame Bovary English Literature Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At The Themes Of Madame Bovary English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At The Themes Of Madame Bovary English Literature Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Due to the common subject of unfaithfulness the two novels are invariably compared. One Russian poet dubbed Anna Karenina, Madame Bovary s Russian cousin 1. However, the development and intent of the subject of unfaithfulness in these novels has both similarities and unsimilarities, which can be investigated utilizing textual grounds and critical theories. The clip of the induction of unfaithfulness in Madame Bovary and Anna Karenina differ, nevertheless to do an accurate judgement, the significances of unfaithfulness, libido, and Platonic love must be defined. The characters who commit Acts of the Apostless of unfaithfulness will be introduced and compared. The grounds for Acts of the Apostless of unfaithfulness will be looked upon utilizing a Romanticism versus Neoclassicism attack. The usage of binary resistance in developing this subject will be discussed. Some of the common literary devices in the two texts, that help to develop the subject of unfaithfulness, will be explained, including ; subject of matrimony, motive of being trapped in and motive of deficiency of communicating. Finally, the emotional influence of unfaithfulness on the hubbies of the two adult females, will be evaluated. Infidelity is a instead controversial word ; the Oxford lexicon may specify it as unfaithfulness to 1s sexual spouse 3, but in world, the significance of this word depends on the point of position of the individual who s specifying it, and this makes it hard to place the induction of unfaithfulness in both novels. Some may see unfaithfulness as sexual treachery ; some may see it as emotional treachery, and some both. Libido ( sexual forces ) is a cause of sexual infidelity, and Platonic love is a cause of emotional infidelity. It could be said that clear and direct mention to unfaithfulness in Anna Karenina is made in the 3rd line of the first chapter, where it is said that Oblonsky s married woman has found out that he has been holding an matter with the Gallic governess who used to populate with them, and told him she could no longer remain under the same roof with him. 2 As for Madame Bovary, the subject of unfaithfulness develops more bit by bit, and direct mention is made on page 152 of chapter 9.Anna Karenina consists of emotional and physical unfaithfulness where Madame Bovary majorly consists of physical unfaithfulness. This can be proven through the usage of imagination in Madame Bovary. The image of a Galloping Equus caballus is frequently created in Madame Bovary, which is a mark of libido. However this is non the instance in Anna Karenina. In Madame Bovary there is one character who commits Acts of the Apostless of criminal conversation and unfaithfulness, Emma Bovary. However, Anna, Oblonsky ( Stiva ) and Vronsky all give in to such Acts of the Apostless in Anna Karenina. There are certain qualities belonging to these characters, which we can associate to their actions. Anna, Stiva and Vronsky are all from the higher category blue society, therefore their fiscal independency causes them to experience a sort of emotional freedom. On the contrary, Emma is financially dependent and can non afford the life she pleases to hold ; this causes her to prosecute extramarital Acts of the Apostless in return for fiscal support and favours. Emma and Anna are beautiful and elegant yet they do non hold strong ethical motives and they rail emotionally against the society. Stiva and Vronsky are rich and charming, therefore they are uncommitted due the feeling that they are on top of the society. Though the society in both novels is ma le dominated, all of these unfaithful characters are dominant in relationships with those around them, including the adult females. The characters could be said to hold an idealistic nature, and they long to hold the perfect romantic lives which neither of the married 1s ( all besides Vronsky ) have. Anna, Emma, and Vronsky are great readers, and this reading kind of provides an flight of ordinary life into a perfect, fantasy world.It is said that Emma dreams of the purest, most impossible signifiers of love and wealth, disregarding whatever beauty is present in the universe around her. 3 Anna is an ideal blue Russian married woman of the 1870 s. She is a beautiful, elegant, educated, passionate adult female. She enjoys reading and is guilty of profaning her matrimony and place, but is baronial and admirable nonetheless. 4 Infidelity is partially due to the emotional instability of the characters personalities. This could be described through the artistic, literary and intellectual5 motions of Neoclassicism and Romanticism. Neoclassicism originated in the 2nd half of the eighteenth century and was the age of enlightenment, when it was believe vitamin D that everything must be logical and formulated. Neoclassic believed that nature should be peaceable and harmonic. Romanticism was born in 19th century during the Gallic revolution. Romantic believed that adult male should be free, and nature should be wild and cryptic. The characters which are heathen in these novels are excessively Romantic . They rely excessively much on their emotions or passions instead than their logical thinking. Vronsky makes a realisation near the terminal of the novel, where It is stated that It showed him the ageless mistake work forces make in conceive ofing that felicity consists in the realisation of their desires . If the characters were able to keep a balance between emotion and ground, it would hold prevented their unfortunate destinies. In developing the subject of unfaithfulness, Flaubert and Tolstoy make great usage of binary resistance. Charles faithful nature is in contrast to Emma s fraudulence. Charles is really honorable with Emma, and tells her everything about his day-to-day life and patients whereas Emma fells so many things from him. Emma s idealistic behaviour, seeable in the accent put on her mode of feeding, elegant closet and wont of reading provides an mutual exclusiveness with Charles realistic and less romantic nature, which leads to Emma s hunt for her thought of flawlessness and love affair. Besides, the successful elderly matrimonies of the members of the vicinities in which Emma and Charles live supply an resistance to their unsuccessful matrimony. In Anna Karenina, Levin s love and fidelity towards Kitty provides as negative comparing with Stiva s love matter, and the criminal conversation of Anna with Vronsky. Levin s belief in monogamy emphasizes on Stiva s belief in sexual freedom. Dolly is in resistance to Anna in the sense that Dolly is the perpetrator in her relationship with her hubby whereas Anna is the offender. There are many literary devices that help to develop the subject of Infidelity, including the subject of matrimony, motive of being trapped in and motive of deficiency of communicating. The subject of matrimony foreshadows the subject of unfaithfulness. Before Charles marries Emma, her holding a love matter would non be considered every bit unfaithfulness as she is non emotionally and lawfully bound. The same is true for the other characters. Dissatisfaction with matrimonial lives causes Acts of the Apostless of criminal conversation and emotional unfaithfulness. Even those who are satisfied with their matrimonial lives, a good illustration being Levin, stress the dissatisfaction of the others. Therefore the subject of matrimony contributes greatly to the subject of unfaithfulness. The motive of being trapped in histories for Anna and Emma. The belief that they are trapped in a male dominated society causes them to see adultery as a manner for independency and a room access to emotional freedom. The motive of deficiency of communicating between hubby and married woman makes the characters start a hunt for love and understanding exterior of their places, and this excessively contributes to their disloyalty. Charles suspects that Emma is holding an matter, but as he is really optimistic and simple-minded he ignores his inherent aptitudes and continues to believe that she is faithful to him. However, after her self-destruction when he finds her love letters, he is emotionally destructed. Karenin rapidly realizes when Anna starts an matter, and ignores it at foremost at the hope of it stoping, but asks for a divorce when he sees that Anna is non giving up her love matter. Then after she kills herself he feels a little sum of sympathy towards her, and finds redemption from his sorrow in faith.

Key to Writing the Perfect Essay For Teh Sol 8 Writing

Key to Writing the Perfect Essay For Teh Sol 8 WritingThe key to writing the perfect essay for Teh Sol 8 writing is, in fact, fairly easy. In fact, it's an easier process than most of us would think. Indeed, the vast majority of those who write these types of essays have a few errors that need to be ironed out before they'll end up being perfectly polished.Not only do you have to be sure that you have all of the facts correct, but you also have to know when to add that little bit of humor and flair to make your essay stand out. For example, if you're going to write about animal protein in your essay, you can't say something like 'Animal protein is the only source of usable energy'. This could make your reader feel like you're pushing them away. You need to know when to use different words and when not to use them.However, the one more important factor which is always on the minds of students and parents alike is, how long should the essay be? Well, obviously, as it is a student-writt en essay, it has to be short. But, what about a long essay? Should it be shorter or longer? It's up to you to decide.There are those essays that are supposed to be long enough that they can be read in class or even sent to a professor. They may also be sent to a student who is a professor or an editor or a high school. Sometimes, they can be used in school projects, or even for personal use by a student. Or, they may be considered to be private use.As long as you know what the length of your essay is, and what the format will be, you'll be all right. But, how do you get it done? Are there any other tips to writing the perfect essay for Teh Sol 8 writing?For example, you might start by writing your parent's homework first. Or, you might consider looking over the drafts of the assignments given to you by your class. Keep a diary of every word and every sentence that you spot. You might even wish to keep your own notes to make sure that you're doing the proper spelling and grammar, so that you don't get into trouble.Make sure that you go over each word and sentence, making sure that you know what the word means and how to spell it with a good hand. If you have to correct yourself during the course of the essay, so be it.You'll be amazed at the number of mistakes that can be made while writing, so make sure that you pay attention to how you write. You won't want to get into trouble when the essay is finally published, will you? And, in case you forgot, you won't want to write an essay that is too long.

Gothic College Essay - Writing the Perfect One

Gothic College Essay - Writing the Perfect OneWriting a Gothic college essay is difficult, but if you have the proper information to start with, the homework is not too difficult. In this article, I will provide you with some helpful tips that will help you create a Gothic essay that will make you proud of yourself and impress your college admissions officer.Gothic literature was derived from a family of writings and art that flourished in the late 1700s. The sub-genre of Gothic literature is described as a kind of dark poetry that explores the darkest side of human emotion. Since the Gothic writings emerged in the first half of the 1800s, it has been one of the most popular genres of literature.Gothic writing isn't a very easy form of writing to get your point across because of the subject matter. For this reason, you should focus on getting your Gothic college essay ready as soon as possible so that you can impress your college admissions officer, which is a must.Keep in mind that writing a Gothic college essay is not a quick process. When you begin to write your Gothic college essay, you need to be sure that you have a plan in place so that you can find the perfect ending to your Gothic college essay. Once you have your outline of your Gothic college essay, you need to put it into action. This means that you need to organize your thoughts, start writing the best parts, and complete your draft before your college admissions officer sees it.When it comes to finding good sources for Gothic writing, you should research on the topics that are interesting to you. The types of materials that you find to research include novels, short stories, and poetry. The best source of information about Gothic literature is your favorite authors, like Edgar Allan Poe, William Hope Hodgson, and the like. You can also check your library for books and magazines that contain Gothic writings that you like.When writing your Gothic college essay, you should keep in mind that your essa y can be very diverse. You can make it more difficult by mixing in personal opinions and points of view. If you have a lot of knowledge about Gothic literature, you should consider adding personal opinions in your Gothic college essay. By doing this, your Gothic college essay will be more interesting and the impression that you will leave on your college admissions officer will be more positive.There are several people that work on Gothic writing, and they are all important sources for you to read. For instance, you can check your literary magazines to find references of authors and book authors that have Gothic writings in their own works. These writers are very well known, and you should take advantage of this knowledge in order to fully understand how to create a Gothic college essay that you can be proud of.The most important part of your Gothic college essay is the introduction. It should be rich in content and be interesting enough to grab the attention of your college admissi ons officer. Although there are many other parts that you need to cover in your Gothic college essay, your introduction is the first part that you need to write.

Research Paper Topics on Mental Retardation

Research Paper Topics on Mental RetardationThe activity of researching and writing papers on mental retardation research topics is one way for those who are active in the field of education to be able to make a difference in the education system of a certain country. Individuals with this disorder have difficulty in understanding the concept of numbers, is that an obvious example. The people who get diagnosed with this condition would have difficulties in understanding the meaning of words and numbers.As a matter of fact, individuals with this disorder have developmental problems in their ability to understand and remember numbers. This has been noticed especially in those children who are between two and four years old. As it is hard for them to learn to read and write, some states and localities have introduced special schooling programs for this type of disorder.The most important research paper topics on this topic are found in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Ado lescent Psychiatry. This journal, as well as other related publications are needed in a study because this is where all the current research on this disease is gathered together. In case an individual wants to study the exact nature of this disease and how it can be controlled, he or she must look at the complete study articles.Apart from this journal, there are other journals and research journals which are quite helpful. The leading research papers on this topic are written by experts and clinicians in the field of mental retardation.Among all the mental retardation research papers, the most important one is the book entitled 'The Nature of Mental Retardation'. This book was written by Leon E. Kamin, M.D., Richard Yap and David Kaufman, Ph.D. In this book, they outline different theories about the cause of this disorder and show how the biological systems of the brain functions.One of the most important mental retardation research paper topics is the book titled 'Experiences of So cial Functioning of Children With Intellectual Disability'. It provides a detailed analysis of experiences of these children.The topics of mental retardation research paper topics are helpful in gaining knowledge about the condition. In case you want to study the research papers, you can contact the services of an organization that specializes in this. They would be able to help you in finding the best paper topics on this topic.

Essay on Do all people think alikeiEssay Writing Service

Essay on Do all people think alikeiEssay Writing Service Essay on Do all people think alike?i Essay on Do all people think alike?i  In actuality, diverse theories offer different views on human thinking but there is no universal homogeneous view on ways of thinking used by people. Different theories agree only on the diversity of ways of thinking and they distinguish general trends and factors that determine the way people, think, like intuition or logic, for instance. According to the Adaption-Innovation theory, the existence of diverse problems, which people have to serve, contributes to the diversity of ways of thinking people use to solve those problems. At this point, I can refer to my personal experience since my vision of human thinking and my way of thinking has been different before I have got acquainted with the Adaption-Innovation theory.The adaption-innovation theory holds the premise that all people are creative because they need creativity to solve problems (Luo Bernacki, 2014). This fact was well-known for me and I believed that managers should encourage the creativity of employees to enhance their performance. I believed that all people have the creative potential which they can use to introduce innovations. However, as the adaption-innovation theory places emphasis on the fact that people face different problems they elaborate different problem solving strategies based on their specific way of thinking (Luo Bernacki, 2014). In addition, people use their creativity to solve problems that may also differ. What is meant here is the fact that people have different creative potential some are more creative than others. As a result, they use different ways of thinking. For instance, the most creative people are innovators, who are people that are capable to invent new solutions to problems which they face in their life. Moreover, innovators can introduce new solutions to existing problems as well as they can offer solutions to new problems, which they have never faced before. For instance, innovators kept exploring and finding new solutio ns to the problem of transportation and invented airplanes, although, by that time, people had plenty of land transport technologies, including cars and railways, which allowed them to transport to the target destination relatively fast.So far I would agree with the adaption-innovation theory since I believed that managers can enhance the performance of their employees and stimulate the development of their innovative activities. However, to my surprise the adaption-innovation theory insists that, aside of innovators, there are adaptors, who do not innovate themselves but adapt the invented solution to problems (Luo Bernacki, 2014). At this point, it is important to place emphasis on the fact adaptors are not necessarily poor in the development of effective solutions. In fact, adaptors may be as important as innovators for communities or organizations. For instance, innovators can introduce an excellent, innovative solution to the problem, but fail to complete the introduction of t he innovation, whereas it is the adaptor that will adapt the innovation and make it perfect for the solution of the particular problem.Hence, I agree with the Adaption-innovative theory idea that people develop different ways of thinking. In this respect, the Adaption-Innovation theory places emphasis on the fact that specific ways of thinking develop on the ground of problems people deal with in their regular life. The interdependence between problems and approaches to their resolution that involve different ways of thinking is reasonable but still such a view is not perfect (Tharpe Gallimore, 2008). In fact, people develop different ways of thinking dealing with different problems but still some people are more inclined to resolve their problems with the help of intuition, while others rely on logic and reason (Vygotsky, 2012). Hence, a priori they will use different approaches. In such a context, the creativity of individuals becomes the crucial factor that determines the way of thinking (Piager, 2005). The creativity is one of the major driver of thinking since it helps people to find more and more sophisticated and successful solutions to more and more complex problems which they confront in the course of their life.However, the Adaption-innovation theory was surprising to me because I used to view all people as potential innovators and I did not distinguish adaptors. The acquaintance with the Adaption-innovation theory contributed to the change of my attitude to adaptors since now I basically agree that there are people, who do improve existing innovations and implement innovative ideas successfully, while not all innovators can make their innovations really successful.Finally, the diversity of ways of human thinking may have a negative impact on the way people are managed. At this point, I can refer to my personal experience, when I encouraged my subordinates to develop innovations but many of them have failed and I believed that they just cannot perfo rm well in our company but the problem could be their way of thinking, since they could be adaptors but not innovators. If I transferred those employees, whom I considered to be unsuccessful, to the adaption of innovations, they could have revealed their full potential.Thus, the Adaption-Innovation theory offers the idea that human way of thinking differs and the development of specific ways of thinking becomes the result of people’s dealing with diverse problems. As they deal with different problems, they develop diverse ways of thinking. Some people turn out to be more creative than others and they become innovators, while those with less developed creativity become adaptors.